Intestinal Intussusception

Intestinal intussusception, known in medical literature as "invagination," occurs when a segment of the intestine, typically the small intestine, slips into another segment. Intussusception is most commonly seen in children, but it can also occur in adults. This type of blockage can obstruct the normal movement of the intestines and is considered a medical emergency.

Symptoms

The symptoms of intestinal intussusception typically appear quickly and may include:

• Abdominal Pain: Severe abdominal pain that usually occurs in cramp-like, intermittent episodes.

• Diarrhea or Blood in Stool: In some cases, patients may experience bloody stools or changes in bowel movements.

• Nausea and Vomiting: Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms of intestinal obstruction.

• Abdominal Distension: Swelling and discomfort in the abdominal area.

• Fever: A mild fever may be present due to infection or inflammation.

• Weight Loss: Especially in long-term cases, there may be a loss of appetite and subsequent weight loss.

• Excess Gas: Gas accumulation may occur due to the cessation of bowel movements.

Causes

There are various causes of intestinal intussusception:

• In Children: Often caused by viral infections, particularly rotavirus, which can lead to swelling and inflammation in the intestines, resulting in intussusception. Structural abnormalities such as intestinal polyps or tumors can also contribute to this condition.

• In Adults: Factors that can lead to intussusception in adults include:

  • Intestinal tumors or polyps
  • Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (such as Crohn's disease)
  • Abdominal trauma
  • Adhesions after surgery

Treatment

Intestinal intussusception is considered an emergency and requires treatment. Treatment methods may include:

• Emergency Intervention: If symptoms are noticed, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention. Surgical intervention may be necessary in emergencies.

• Surgical Procedure: Intussusception is typically corrected through surgery. The surgeon can either push back the segment of the intestine causing the blockage or remove the damaged section.

• Observation: In some cases, especially in children, if the condition is mild and symptoms improve, patients may be monitored closely.

• Fluid Therapy: Intravenous fluid therapy may be necessary to prevent dehydration.

• Nutrition: After surgery, patients may gradually transition to solid foods, depending on their recovery process.

Prevention

Certain measures can be taken to prevent intestinal intussusception:

• Balanced Diet: A fiber-rich diet supports intestinal health.

• Regular Check-ups: Individuals with complaints related to bowel health should have regular medical check-ups.

• Immunization in Children: Vaccinations against viral infections and adherence to hygiene rules are crucial for children.

Conclusion

Intestinal intussusception is a serious and urgent condition. Rapid recognition of symptoms and timely medical intervention are vital for preventing complications. Monitoring this condition, particularly in children, and acting swiftly in emergencies is critically important.