Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells in the skin. It is one of the most common types of cancer and can develop due to exposure to sunlight, genetic factors, and environmental influences. Skin cancer is generally classified into three main types: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Melanoma is the most dangerous among skin cancers.

Symptoms

The symptoms of skin cancer can vary depending on the type and stage of the cancer. Generally, the symptoms of skin cancer include:

• New or Changing Spots: The appearance of a new spot on the skin or changes in the size, shape, or color of an existing spot.

• Asymmetrical Spots: Spots that do not look the same on both halves (asymmetry).

• Irregular Borders: The edges of the spots may be uneven and have a wavy appearance.

• Color Changes: Spots may present in dark brown, black, red, or white tones.

• Growth: The size of the spot on the skin may increase over time.

• Itching, Bleeding, or Non-Healing Wounds: There may be itching, bleeding, or the formation of wounds around the spots.

• Hard Tissue Under the Skin: Cancerous cells can sometimes spread beneath the skin, forming a palpable hard lump.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of skin cancer typically involves the following steps:

• Physical Examination: A dermatologist evaluates and examines the spots on the skin. Factors such as family history and sun exposure are also taken into account.

• Dermatoscopy: The dermatologist may examine the spot more closely with a device called a dermatoscope.

• Biopsy: If cancer is suspected, a sample is taken from the spot and sent to a laboratory. This procedure is done to determine whether the spot is cancerous.

• Imaging Tests: If there is suspicion that skin cancer has spread to other areas, imaging tests like a CT scan or MRI may be necessary.

Treatment Methods

The treatment methods for skin cancer vary depending on the type, stage of cancer, and the patient's overall health. The main treatment methods include:

• Surgical Intervention: Surgical removal of the cancerous tissue is the most common treatment method. The surgeon aims to completely excise the cancerous area.

• Cryotherapy: This method involves freezing the cancerous cells to destroy them and is typically used for early-stage basal cell or squamous cell cancers.

• Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays are used to kill cancer cells. This treatment is usually applied to target remaining cancer cells after surgery.

• Medication Therapy: Chemotherapy or targeted therapy may be used, especially in advanced-stage cancers like melanoma.

• Photodynamic Therapy: This treatment method uses a combination of special light and medication to target cancerous cells.

• Immunotherapy: This helps strengthen the body's immune system to fight cancer cells and can be effective in some types of skin cancer, such as melanoma.

Prevention

Certain measures can be taken to prevent skin cancer:

• Use of Sunscreen: It is essential to apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen before going out in the sun.

• Avoiding Sun Exposure: Especially avoiding outdoor activities during peak sunlight hours is important.

• Regular Check-ups: Regular skin examinations by a dermatologist are crucial for early detection.

• Healthy Lifestyle: A balanced diet and regular exercise improve overall health and strengthen the immune system.

Conclusion

Skin cancer can be effectively managed with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Promptly consulting a dermatologist when symptoms are noticed is critical to preventing the spread of cancer and initiating the treatment process. Sun protection and healthy lifestyle habits play a significant role in preventing skin cancer.