Allergies

Allergy is a condition that occurs when the immune system overreacts to certain substances. These substances (allergens), which are usually harmless to our body, are perceived as threats by the immune system, leading to various symptoms. Allergies are among the common health problems that negatively affect the quality of life. So, what exactly is an allergy, what types are there, what are the symptoms, and how is it treated? In this article, we will answer these questions.

Types of Allergies

Allergies can be categorized based on the type of allergen. The most common types of allergies include:

• Pollen Allergy (Hay Fever): Sensitivity to tree, grass, or weed pollens. It usually occurs in spring and summer.
• Dust Allergy: Sensitivity to dust mites and other substances found in house dust. It can be effective year-round.
• Animal Allergy: Sensitivity to substances such as pet fur, saliva, or urine.
• Food Allergies: Sensitivity to foods like milk, eggs, peanuts, seafood, and others. Food allergies are particularly common in children.
• Drug Allergies: Reactions of the immune system to certain medications. Penicillin and other antibiotics are commonly involved.
• Insect Allergy: Allergic reactions caused by insect bites or stings.

Allergy Symptoms

Symptoms of allergies may vary from person to person, but common signs include:

• Respiratory Problems: Sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, coughing, shortness of breath, and wheezing.
• Skin Symptoms: Itchy rashes, hives, eczema, and redness.
• Digestive Issues: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (especially with food allergies).
• Shock: In rare cases, a severe condition known as anaphylaxis may occur, with symptoms like difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and loss of consciousness.

Allergy Treatment Methods

The treatment of allergies may vary depending on the type and severity of the allergy. Common treatment methods include:

• Avoiding Allergens: The most effective way to prevent allergic reactions is to avoid allergens. For example, staying indoors during pollen season or reducing dust and pet dander in the home.
• Medications: Antihistamines, nasal sprays, and decongestants can help relieve allergy symptoms.
• Allergy Shots: Allergy shots (immunotherapy) aim to desensitize the immune system to allergens. It is a long-term treatment that is administered over a certain period.
• Emergency Treatment: In the case of sudden anaphylactic shock, emergency interventions like epinephrine (adrenaline) injections are necessary.

Conclusion

Allergies can significantly affect quality of life, but with proper information and treatment methods, they can be managed. If you are experiencing allergy symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional to establish the correct diagnosis and treatment plan. Remember, your health comes first!